Table 4. Assumptions and limitations

Category Contents
Commonality - Direct air emissions from fuel combustion are calculated by applying emission factors from the guidelines of IPCC 2019 and the Ministry of Environment[8].
Production process (onsite) - Transportation distances for field data are calculated and applied using the shortest distance.- Bisphenol A and NaOH (50%) data are mixed with other products and it is not possible to accurately measure the actual amount recovered, so theoretical values are used.- For wastewater, process water and water balance were applied accordingly.- For industrial salt, a by-product, the theoretical value for NaOH (50%) is applied.
Production process (paper) - The transportation distance of the waste from the factory to the recycling company is assumed to be 30 kilometers.- To drive the basic value, it was assumed that all waste generated by the business site is recycled, which may result in an underestimation of the environmental impact.